-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\wisemaae\Dropbox\desktop_backup\research\education\POP_fi
> nal_published\voldenwaiwiseman_house_perspectives_results.smcl
  log type:  smcl
 opened on:  14 Jun 2025, 15:02:29

. do "C:\Users\wisemaae\Dropbox\desktop_backup\research\education\POP_final_pub
> lished\voldenwaiwiseman_house_perspectives_replication_2025.do"

. *Do file for House analysis and results in "On the Decline of Elite-Educated 
> Republicans In Congress," Volden, Craig, Jonathan Wai, and Alan E. Wiseman. P
> ublished in Perspectives on Politics
. 
. *Use stata dataset: voldenwaiwiseman_house_perspectives_replication_final.dta
. 
. *In the analysis that follows, we have coded elite education as "1" if attend
> ed elite undergraduate, graduate, law school and/or business school
. 
. * Combining all here
. 
. gen elite_education=0

. replace elite_education=1 if elite_undergrad_75==1
(1,652 real changes made)

. replace elite_education=1 if elite_grad_75==1
(425 real changes made)

. replace elite_education=1 if elite_law==1
(848 real changes made)

. replace elite_education=1 if elite_mba==1
(113 real changes made)

. label var elite_education "1 = graduated from elite institution"

. 
. * Likewise for ivy league schools:
. 
. gen ivyany=0

. replace ivyany=1 if ivy_undergrad==1
(810 real changes made)

. replace ivyany=1 if ivy_grad==1
(387 real changes made)

. replace ivyany=1 if ivy_law==1
(312 real changes made)

. replace ivyany=1 if ivy_mba==1
(61 real changes made)

. label var ivyany "1 = graduated from Ivy League"

. 
. * Coding data for exploring regional codings
. drop south

. gen south=0

. replace south=1 if st_name=="OK" | st_name=="TX" | st_name=="AR" | st_name=="
> LA" | st_name=="MS" | st_name=="AL" | st_name=="TN" | st_name=="KY" | st_name
> =="FL" | st_name=="GA" | st_name=="SC" | st_name=="NC" | st_name=="VA" | st_n
> ame=="WV" 
(3,528 real changes made)

. gen northeast=0

. replace northeast=1 if st_name=="MD" | st_name=="DE" | st_name=="PA" | st_nam
> e=="NJ" | st_name=="NY" | st_name=="CT" | st_name=="RI" | st_name=="MA" | st_
> name=="NH" | st_name=="VT" | st_name=="ME" 
(2,502 real changes made)

. gen midwest=0

. replace midwest=1 if st_name=="ND" | st_name=="SD" | st_name=="NE" | st_name=
> ="KS" | st_name=="MN" | st_name=="IA" | st_name=="MO" | st_name=="WI" | st_na
> me=="IL" | st_name=="IN" | st_name=="MI" | st_name=="OH" 
(2,696 real changes made)

. gen west=0

. replace west=1 if st_name=="AK" | st_name=="HI" | st_name=="WA" | st_name=="O
> R" | st_name=="CA" | st_name=="MT" | st_name=="ID" | st_name=="WY" | st_name=
> ="NV" | st_name=="UT" | st_name=="CO" | st_name=="AZ" | st_name=="NM" 
(2,303 real changes made)

. 
. *****************************************
. **** MODELS FOR FIGURES PRESENTED IN BODY OF PERSPECTIVES MANUSCRIPT ****
. *****************************************
. * FIGURE 1: DECLINE OF ELITE-EDUCATED REPUBLICANS IN CONGRESS (FOR HOUSE)
. sort congress

. tab congress elite_education if dem==0, r

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |  1 = graduated from
           |   elite institution
  congress |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
        93 |       117         79 |       196 
           |     59.69      40.31 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        94 |        88         59 |       147 
           |     59.86      40.14 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        95 |        93         54 |       147 
           |     63.27      36.73 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        96 |       102         59 |       161 
           |     63.35      36.65 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        97 |       131         63 |       194 
           |     67.53      32.47 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        98 |       120         46 |       166 
           |     72.29      27.71 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        99 |       132         51 |       183 
           |     72.13      27.87 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       100 |       130         50 |       180 
           |     72.22      27.78 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       101 |       130         49 |       179 
           |     72.63      27.37 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       102 |       125         48 |       173 
           |     72.25      27.75 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       103 |       136         45 |       181 
           |     75.14      24.86 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       104 |       185         48 |       233 
           |     79.40      20.60 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       105 |       182         49 |       231 
           |     78.79      21.21 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       106 |       176         49 |       225 
           |     78.22      21.78 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       107 |       181         47 |       228 
           |     79.39      20.61 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       108 |       184         47 |       231 
           |     79.65      20.35 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       109 |       193         45 |       238 
           |     81.09      18.91 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       110 |       174         33 |       207 
           |     84.06      15.94 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       111 |       157         25 |       182 
           |     86.26      13.74 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       112 |       210         35 |       245 
           |     85.71      14.29 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       113 |       207         33 |       240 
           |     86.25      13.75 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       114 |       212         38 |       250 
           |     84.80      15.20 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       115 |       205         40 |       245 
           |     83.67      16.33 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       116 |       171         34 |       205 
           |     83.41      16.59 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       117 |       188         34 |       222 
           |     84.68      15.32 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     3,929      1,160 |     5,089 
           |     77.21      22.79 |    100.00 

. tab congress elite_education if dem==1, r

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |  1 = graduated from
           |   elite institution
  congress |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
        93 |       172         77 |       249 
           |     69.08      30.92 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        94 |       203         94 |       297 
           |     68.35      31.65 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        95 |       212         84 |       296 
           |     71.62      28.38 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        96 |       203         78 |       281 
           |     72.24      27.76 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        97 |       185         67 |       252 
           |     73.41      26.59 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        98 |       199         79 |       278 
           |     71.58      28.42 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        99 |       191         69 |       260 
           |     73.46      26.54 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       100 |       198         68 |       266 
           |     74.44      25.56 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       101 |       198         72 |       270 
           |     73.33      26.67 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       102 |       196         78 |       274 
           |     71.53      28.47 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       103 |       181         84 |       265 
           |     68.30      31.70 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       104 |       144         68 |       212 
           |     67.92      32.08 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       105 |       154         64 |       218 
           |     70.64      29.36 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       106 |       156         61 |       217 
           |     71.89      28.11 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       107 |       154         65 |       219 
           |     70.32      29.68 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       108 |       142         71 |       213 
           |     66.67      33.33 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       109 |       139         68 |       207 
           |     67.15      32.85 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       110 |       167         78 |       245 
           |     68.16      31.84 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       111 |       183         85 |       268 
           |     68.28      31.72 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       112 |       135         69 |       204 
           |     66.18      33.82 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       113 |       135         75 |       210 
           |     64.29      35.71 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       114 |       124         69 |       193 
           |     64.25      35.75 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       115 |       128         75 |       203 
           |     63.05      36.95 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       116 |       151         89 |       240 
           |     62.92      37.08 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       117 |       141         91 |       232 
           |     60.78      39.22 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     4,191      1,878 |     6,069 
           |     69.06      30.94 |    100.00 

. 
. * FIGURE 2: HARVARD GRADUATES IN THE HOUSE, BY PARTY
. 
. sort congress

. by congress: sum harvard if dem==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 93

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        249    .0963855    .2957136          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 94

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        297    .0942761    .2927056          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 95

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        296    .0709459    .2571693          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 96

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        280    .0642857    .2457004          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 97

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        250        .064    .2452439          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 98

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        277    .0722022    .2592908          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 99

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        258    .0658915    .2485745          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 100

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        265    .0566038    .2315212          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 101

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        269    .0483271    .2148563          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 102

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        272    .0588235    .2357278          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 103

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        263    .0760456    .2655765          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 104

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        211    .0805687    .2728189          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 105

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        217    .0737327    .2619397          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 106

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        216    .0601852    .2383821          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 107

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        219    .0913242    .2887295          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 108

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        213    .0985915    .2988151          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 109

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        207    .1014493    .3026546          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 110

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        245    .0979592     .297868          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 111

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        268    .1119403    .3158829          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 112

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        204    .1029412    .3046296          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 113

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        210    .1285714    .3355248          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 114

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        193    .1398964    .3477816          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 115

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        203    .1428571    .3507922          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 116

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        240    .1333333    .3406451          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 117

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        232    .1465517    .3544231          0          1


. by congress: sum harvard if dem==0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 93

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        196    .1020408    .3034771          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 94

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        147    .1156463    .3208936          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 95

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        147    .1088435    .3125076          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 96

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        161    .1055901    .3082711          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 97

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        194    .0876289     .283486          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 98

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        166     .060241    .2386527          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 99

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        183    .0601093    .2383413          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 100

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        180    .0722222    .2595776          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 101

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        179    .0837989    .2778632          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 102

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        173    .0809249    .2735113          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 103

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        181    .0718232    .2589112          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 104

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        233    .0386266    .1931182          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 105

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        231    .0519481    .2224041          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 106

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        225    .0577778     .233843          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 107

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        228    .0526316    .2237882          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 108

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        231      .04329    .2039512          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 109

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        238    .0336134    .1806119          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 110

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        207    .0144928       .1198          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 111

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        182    .0054945    .0741249          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 112

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        245    .0081633    .0901655          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 113

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        240    .0166667    .1282866          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 114

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        250        .024     .153356          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 115

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        245    .0285714    .1669397          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 116

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        205    .0292683    .1689702          0          1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> congress = 117

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     harvard |        222    .0315315    .1751441          0          1


. 
. * FIGURE 4: ELITE-EDUCATED LAWMAKERS ARE MORE LIBERAL (HOUSE MEMBERS)
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(18, 1046)       =      12.86
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1324
                                                Root MSE          =     .16174

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0693463   .0165962    -4.18   0.000    -.1019119   -.0367807
    majority |   .0706933   .0090268     7.83   0.000     .0529807    .0884059
   seniority |  -.0138159   .0031101    -4.44   0.000    -.0199186   -.0077131
       sensq |   .0004131   .0002192     1.88   0.060    -.0000171    .0008433
   state_leg |   .0555961   .0208534     2.67   0.008     .0146768    .0965153
state_leg_~f |  -.1984746   .0645408    -3.08   0.002    -.3251188   -.0718304
  maj_leader |   .0698513   .0176506     3.96   0.000     .0352166     .104486
  min_leader |   .0606348    .021543     2.81   0.005     .0183623    .1029073
     speaker |  -.0051753   .0390433    -0.13   0.895    -.0817875    .0714368
       chair |   .0210023   .0160709     1.31   0.192    -.0105327    .0525372
      subchr |  -.0083753   .0104555    -0.80   0.423    -.0288915    .0121409
       power |  -.0267742   .0121097    -2.21   0.027    -.0505364   -.0030121
      female |  -.0685331    .020802    -3.29   0.001    -.1093515   -.0277146
        afam |  -.0187546   .0438139    -0.43   0.669    -.1047278    .0672185
      latino |  -.0592316    .027026    -2.19   0.029     -.112263   -.0062002
  deleg_size |   .0012881   .0004909     2.62   0.009     .0003249    .0022514
     votepct |   .0060953   .0023393     2.61   0.009      .001505    .0106856
  votepct_sq |  -.0000361   .0000152    -2.38   0.018    -.0000659   -6.31e-06
       _cons |   .1789704   .0835154     2.14   0.032     .0150936    .3428473
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(18, 1063)       =      38.26
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3177
                                                Root MSE          =     .12969

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0318869   .0097114    -3.28   0.001    -.0509426   -.0128312
    majority |   .0370432    .007637     4.85   0.000     .0220579    .0520284
   seniority |  -.0017933   .0022782    -0.79   0.431    -.0062637     .002677
       sensq |  -.0000393   .0001287    -0.31   0.760    -.0002917    .0002132
   state_leg |   .0751551   .0177266     4.24   0.000      .040372    .1099381
state_leg_~f |  -.2356646   .0464147    -5.08   0.000    -.3267394   -.1445898
  maj_leader |  -.0644745   .0121753    -5.30   0.000    -.0883649   -.0405841
  min_leader |  -.0244252   .0166747    -1.46   0.143    -.0571443    .0082939
     speaker |  -.0482312   .0239008    -2.02   0.044    -.0951292   -.0013331
       chair |  -.0363046   .0135185    -2.69   0.007    -.0628305   -.0097787
      subchr |  -.0094728   .0077744    -1.22   0.223    -.0247278    .0057822
       power |  -.0298857   .0105561    -2.83   0.005    -.0505988   -.0091727
      female |   -.033459    .010554    -3.17   0.002    -.0541681     -.01275
        afam |  -.1633946   .0120688   -13.54   0.000     -.187076   -.1397132
      latino |  -.0453082   .0195144    -2.32   0.020    -.0835993    -.007017
  deleg_size |  -.0011993   .0003904    -3.07   0.002    -.0019654   -.0004333
     votepct |  -.0131186   .0020298    -6.46   0.000    -.0171015   -.0091357
  votepct_sq |   .0000865   .0000135     6.40   0.000       .00006     .000113
       _cons |   .1972959   .0718463     2.75   0.006     .0563192    .3382726
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * COMPARING MAGNITUDE OF EFFECTS
. sum dwnom1 if dem==0

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
      dwnom1 |      5,071    .3959805    .1735139      -.577       .955

. * Nearly a half of a standard deviation
. * Also note that similar in size to gender effect
. 
. * FIGURE 5: ELITE-EDUCATED REPUBLICANS ARE NO MORE EFFECTIVE (HOUSE MEMBERS)
. regress lesclassic elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_l
> eg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam 
> latino deleg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(19, 1046)       =      33.94
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4009
                                                Root MSE          =     1.0634

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |   .0095544   .0663815     0.14   0.886    -.1207016    .1398105
    majority |   .5185665   .0564725     9.18   0.000     .4077542    .6293788
   seniority |   .0234339   .0232422     1.01   0.314    -.0221728    .0690406
       sensq |   .0025895   .0021113     1.23   0.220    -.0015534    .0067324
   state_leg |  -.0592478   .0834022    -0.71   0.478    -.2229025    .1044069
state_leg_~f |   .5406172   .2815831     1.92   0.055    -.0119149    1.093149
  maj_leader |   .3088534    .164311     1.88   0.060    -.0135634    .6312702
  min_leader |  -.1167403   .0608984    -1.92   0.056    -.2362372    .0027565
     speaker |  -.8855203    .234176    -3.78   0.000    -1.345028   -.4260122
       chair |   2.945527   .3397131     8.67   0.000      2.27893    3.612124
      subchr |   .5636267   .0718518     7.84   0.000     .4226367    .7046168
       power |  -.1515795   .0630718    -2.40   0.016    -.2753412   -.0278179
     meddist |  -.2758217   .1297247    -2.13   0.034     -.530372   -.0212713
      female |   .0453744   .0669948     0.68   0.498     -.086085    .1768339
        afam |   .0679518   .2904306     0.23   0.815    -.5019411    .6378447
      latino |  -.0318891   .1354921    -0.24   0.814    -.2977564    .2339781
  deleg_size |  -.0027884   .0027763    -1.00   0.315    -.0082361    .0026593
     votepct |   .0116497   .0122859     0.95   0.343    -.0124582    .0357575
  votepct_sq |  -.0000951   .0000843    -1.13   0.259    -.0002606    .0000703
       _cons |   .0467275   .4248483     0.11   0.912    -.7869244    .8803794
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. regress lesclassic elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_l
> eg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam 
> latino deleg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(19, 1063)       =      32.72
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4130
                                                Root MSE          =     1.2326

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |   .1686344   .0663995     2.54   0.011     .0383455    .2989234
    majority |   .4467744   .0968219     4.61   0.000     .2567906    .6367582
   seniority |    .038484   .0180811     2.13   0.034     .0030054    .0739627
       sensq |    .000651   .0010537     0.62   0.537    -.0014167    .0027187
   state_leg |  -.1718799   .0924438    -1.86   0.063    -.3532728    .0095131
state_leg_~f |   .4745279   .2497132     1.90   0.058    -.0154588    .9645146
  maj_leader |   .6446235   .2108045     3.06   0.002     .2309832    1.058264
  min_leader |  -.1579952   .0852819    -1.85   0.064    -.3253352    .0093448
     speaker |  -1.280772   .3086664    -4.15   0.000    -1.886437   -.6751078
       chair |    2.88835   .2825444    10.22   0.000     2.333942    3.442758
      subchr |    .867925   .0815426    10.64   0.000     .7079223    1.027928
       power |  -.2444436   .0653539    -3.74   0.000    -.3726808   -.1162063
     meddist |    .328422   .2222958     1.48   0.140    -.1077664    .7646104
      female |   .0912028   .0616637     1.48   0.139    -.0297936    .2121992
        afam |  -.2781071   .0766223    -3.63   0.000    -.4284553   -.1277589
      latino |   .0003886    .113796     0.00   0.997    -.2229017    .2236789
  deleg_size |  -.0036327   .0022052    -1.65   0.100    -.0079597    .0006942
     votepct |   .0102917   .0133176     0.77   0.440      -.01584    .0364234
  votepct_sq |  -.0000652   .0000876    -0.74   0.457    -.0002372    .0001067
       _cons |   -.288465   .4748475    -0.61   0.544     -1.22021    .6432799
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. * FOR APPENDIX TABLES
. 
. * A1: VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS, SOURCES, AND SUMMARY STATISTICS
. sum elite_education ivyany dwnom1 lesclassic majority seniority sensq state_l
> eg state_leg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist fe
> male afam latino deleg_size votepct

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |     11,158     .272271    .4451486          0          1
      ivyany |     11,158    .1407062    .3477338          0          1
      dwnom1 |     11,022   -.0032287    .4039701      -.819       .955
  lesclassic |     11,158    1.000269    1.507715          0   18.68639
    majority |     11,158     .563273    .4960026          0          1
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
   seniority |     11,158    5.279172     4.13819          1         30
       sensq |     11,158    44.99274    71.03539          1        900
   state_leg |     11,156    .4894227    .4999105          0          1
state_leg_~f |     11,039    .1443132    .1823412          0       .659
  maj_leader |     11,157    .0190015    .1365362          0          1
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
  min_leader |     11,157    .0196289    .1387277          0          1
     speaker |     11,158    .0024198     .049134          0          1
       chair |     11,158    .0496505    .2172315          0          1
      subchr |     11,158    .2420685    .4283547          0          1
       power |     11,157    .2466613    .4310872          0          1
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     meddist |     11,022    .3572464    .2249784   3.58e-10      1.102
      female |     11,158    .1223338    .3276856          0          1
        afam |     11,158    .0775229    .2674312          0          1
      latino |     11,158    .0453486    .2080769          0          1
  deleg_size |     11,157    18.53608    14.45615          1         53
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
     votepct |     10,798      67.812    13.58262         23        100

. 
. * A2: IDEOLOGY AND ELITE-EDUCATED LAWMAKERS (HOUSE)
. * Model A2.1
. regress dwnom1 elite_education if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,071
                                                F(1, 1056)        =      16.62
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.0310
                                                Root MSE          =     .17082

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,057 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0728351   .0178674    -4.08   0.000    -.1078947   -.0377755
       _cons |   .4125411   .0067603    61.02   0.000     .3992759    .4258063
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A2.2
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(18, 1046)       =      12.86
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1324
                                                Root MSE          =     .16174

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0693463   .0165962    -4.18   0.000    -.1019119   -.0367807
    majority |   .0706933   .0090268     7.83   0.000     .0529807    .0884059
   seniority |  -.0138159   .0031101    -4.44   0.000    -.0199186   -.0077131
       sensq |   .0004131   .0002192     1.88   0.060    -.0000171    .0008433
   state_leg |   .0555961   .0208534     2.67   0.008     .0146768    .0965153
state_leg_~f |  -.1984746   .0645408    -3.08   0.002    -.3251188   -.0718304
  maj_leader |   .0698513   .0176506     3.96   0.000     .0352166     .104486
  min_leader |   .0606348    .021543     2.81   0.005     .0183623    .1029073
     speaker |  -.0051753   .0390433    -0.13   0.895    -.0817875    .0714368
       chair |   .0210023   .0160709     1.31   0.192    -.0105327    .0525372
      subchr |  -.0083753   .0104555    -0.80   0.423    -.0288915    .0121409
       power |  -.0267742   .0121097    -2.21   0.027    -.0505364   -.0030121
      female |  -.0685331    .020802    -3.29   0.001    -.1093515   -.0277146
        afam |  -.0187546   .0438139    -0.43   0.669    -.1047278    .0672185
      latino |  -.0592316    .027026    -2.19   0.029     -.112263   -.0062002
  deleg_size |   .0012881   .0004909     2.62   0.009     .0003249    .0022514
     votepct |   .0060953   .0023393     2.61   0.009      .001505    .0106856
  votepct_sq |  -.0000361   .0000152    -2.38   0.018    -.0000659   -6.31e-06
       _cons |   .1789704   .0835154     2.14   0.032     .0150936    .3428473
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A2.3 add versions with Congress fixed effects.  Republicans:
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq i.congress if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(41, 1046)       =          .
                                                Prob > F          =          .
                                                R-squared         =     0.2845
                                                Root MSE          =     .14725

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0441523   .0153331    -2.88   0.004    -.0742394   -.0140652
    majority |   .4422349   .0123828    35.71   0.000     .4179371    .4665328
   seniority |  -.0131556   .0028203    -4.66   0.000    -.0186897   -.0076216
       sensq |   .0002537   .0002074     1.22   0.221    -.0001532    .0006607
   state_leg |   .0348518   .0188284     1.85   0.064    -.0020939    .0717975
state_leg_~f |  -.1393636   .0583433    -2.39   0.017    -.2538468   -.0248804
  maj_leader |   .0678594     .01849     3.67   0.000     .0315777     .104141
  min_leader |   .0602669   .0197699     3.05   0.002     .0214737    .0990602
     speaker |   .0000777   .0256369     0.00   0.998    -.0502279    .0503833
       chair |   .0248229   .0150989     1.64   0.100    -.0048047    .0544505
      subchr |  -.0067521   .0100749    -0.67   0.503    -.0265214    .0130172
       power |   -.023534   .0117362    -2.01   0.045    -.0465631   -.0005049
      female |  -.0825359   .0183289    -4.50   0.000    -.1185015   -.0465703
        afam |  -.0441591   .0438487    -1.01   0.314    -.1302005    .0418823
      latino |  -.0823475   .0279022    -2.95   0.003    -.1370982   -.0275968
  deleg_size |   .0011778   .0004472     2.63   0.009     .0003003    .0020554
     votepct |   .0070338   .0022379     3.14   0.002     .0026426    .0114251
  votepct_sq |  -.0000389   .0000145    -2.69   0.007    -.0000673   -.0000105
             |
    congress |
         94  |     .02112   .0100615     2.10   0.036     .0013768    .0408631
         95  |    .017385   .0117152     1.48   0.138     -.005603     .040373
         96  |   .0392833   .0138684     2.83   0.005     .0120702    .0664964
         97  |   .0437776   .0138618     3.16   0.002     .0165775    .0709777
         98  |   .0701996    .014804     4.74   0.000     .0411507    .0992486
         99  |   .0724129    .013951     5.19   0.000     .0450377    .0997881
        100  |   .0799743   .0145396     5.50   0.000     .0514441    .1085044
        101  |   .0817662   .0156126     5.24   0.000     .0511305    .1124018
        102  |   .0900882   .0178584     5.04   0.000     .0550458    .1251306
        103  |   .1155474   .0174933     6.61   0.000     .0812215    .1498733
        104  |  -.3093166   .0151004   -20.48   0.000    -.3389471   -.2796861
        105  |  -.2967475   .0142946   -20.76   0.000    -.3247969   -.2686981
        106  |  -.2952292   .0145174   -20.34   0.000    -.3237157   -.2667427
        107  |  -.2874867   .0146012   -19.69   0.000    -.3161377   -.2588357
        108  |  -.2828915   .0148722   -19.02   0.000    -.3120742   -.2537088
        109  |  -.2710828   .0153145   -17.70   0.000    -.3011335   -.2410321
        110  |    .199164   .0163962    12.15   0.000     .1669909    .2313371
        111  |   .2122012     .01686    12.59   0.000     .1791179    .2452844
        112  |  -.2298366   .0165295   -13.90   0.000    -.2622713    -.197402
        113  |  -.2148806   .0169302   -12.69   0.000    -.2481015   -.1816596
        114  |  -.2228759   .0170884   -13.04   0.000    -.2564075   -.1893444
        115  |  -.2078307   .0174414   -11.92   0.000    -.2420547   -.1736066
        116  |   .2559748   .0156537    16.35   0.000     .2252585    .2866911
        117  |   .2555106   .0156696    16.31   0.000     .2247632    .2862581
             |
       _cons |   .0208677   .0819257     0.25   0.799    -.1398898    .1816252
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A2.4
. regress dwnom1 elite_education if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,951
                                                F(1, 1071)        =       2.98
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0844
                                                R-squared         =     0.0036
                                                Root MSE          =     .15802

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,072 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0205106   .0118759    -1.73   0.084    -.0438132     .002792
       _cons |  -.3370807   .0074643   -45.16   0.000    -.3517271   -.3224343
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A2.5
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(18, 1063)       =      38.26
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3177
                                                Root MSE          =     .12969

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0318869   .0097114    -3.28   0.001    -.0509426   -.0128312
    majority |   .0370432    .007637     4.85   0.000     .0220579    .0520284
   seniority |  -.0017933   .0022782    -0.79   0.431    -.0062637     .002677
       sensq |  -.0000393   .0001287    -0.31   0.760    -.0002917    .0002132
   state_leg |   .0751551   .0177266     4.24   0.000      .040372    .1099381
state_leg_~f |  -.2356646   .0464147    -5.08   0.000    -.3267394   -.1445898
  maj_leader |  -.0644745   .0121753    -5.30   0.000    -.0883649   -.0405841
  min_leader |  -.0244252   .0166747    -1.46   0.143    -.0571443    .0082939
     speaker |  -.0482312   .0239008    -2.02   0.044    -.0951292   -.0013331
       chair |  -.0363046   .0135185    -2.69   0.007    -.0628305   -.0097787
      subchr |  -.0094728   .0077744    -1.22   0.223    -.0247278    .0057822
       power |  -.0298857   .0105561    -2.83   0.005    -.0505988   -.0091727
      female |   -.033459    .010554    -3.17   0.002    -.0541681     -.01275
        afam |  -.1633946   .0120688   -13.54   0.000     -.187076   -.1397132
      latino |  -.0453082   .0195144    -2.32   0.020    -.0835993    -.007017
  deleg_size |  -.0011993   .0003904    -3.07   0.002    -.0019654   -.0004333
     votepct |  -.0131186   .0020298    -6.46   0.000    -.0171015   -.0091357
  votepct_sq |   .0000865   .0000135     6.40   0.000       .00006     .000113
       _cons |   .1972959   .0718463     2.75   0.006     .0563192    .3382726
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A2.6
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq i.congress if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)
note: 115.congress omitted because of collinearity

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(41, 1063)       =      18.75
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3199
                                                Root MSE          =     .12974

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0315889   .0097691    -3.23   0.001    -.0507578   -.0124199
    majority |   .0199525   .0134587     1.48   0.139    -.0064561     .046361
   seniority |  -.0014605   .0023574    -0.62   0.536    -.0060861    .0031651
       sensq |  -.0000494   .0001296    -0.38   0.703    -.0003038     .000205
   state_leg |   .0748734   .0177202     4.23   0.000     .0401028     .109644
state_leg_~f |  -.2347995   .0464171    -5.06   0.000    -.3258791     -.14372
  maj_leader |  -.0632815   .0121254    -5.22   0.000    -.0870739   -.0394891
  min_leader |  -.0255687   .0167981    -1.52   0.128      -.05853    .0073926
     speaker |  -.0500413   .0223618    -2.24   0.025    -.0939197   -.0061629
       chair |  -.0370181    .013812    -2.68   0.007      -.06412   -.0099161
      subchr |  -.0106766   .0080018    -1.33   0.182    -.0263777    .0050246
       power |   -.030206    .010656    -2.83   0.005    -.0511152   -.0092967
      female |  -.0322459    .011007    -2.93   0.003    -.0538439   -.0106479
        afam |  -.1625095   .0124024   -13.10   0.000    -.1868455   -.1381736
      latino |  -.0443851   .0197255    -2.25   0.025    -.0830905   -.0056797
  deleg_size |  -.0012069   .0003903    -3.09   0.002    -.0019727   -.0004411
     votepct |  -.0132831   .0020603    -6.45   0.000    -.0173258   -.0092405
  votepct_sq |   .0000875   .0000136     6.41   0.000     .0000607    .0001142
             |
    congress |
         94  |   .0042654   .0073049     0.58   0.559    -.0100683     .018599
         95  |   .0186916   .0096315     1.94   0.053    -.0002072    .0375905
         96  |   .0164152   .0112372     1.46   0.144    -.0056344    .0384648
         97  |   .0238824   .0133002     1.80   0.073    -.0022153    .0499801
         98  |   .0249173   .0126312     1.97   0.049     .0001324    .0497022
         99  |   .0104344   .0113418     0.92   0.358    -.0118206    .0326893
        100  |   .0165437   .0113513     1.46   0.145    -.0057299    .0388172
        101  |   .0178544   .0121388     1.47   0.142    -.0059644    .0416731
        102  |    .015583   .0119647     1.30   0.193    -.0078941      .03906
        103  |   .0065715   .0125522     0.52   0.601    -.0180583    .0312014
        104  |  -.0004953   .0111059    -0.04   0.964    -.0222872    .0212967
        105  |  -.0098818   .0109272    -0.90   0.366    -.0313231    .0115596
        106  |  -.0100433   .0099637    -1.01   0.314    -.0295939    .0095074
        107  |  -.0083755   .0094365    -0.89   0.375    -.0268917    .0101407
        108  |  -.0077255   .0091982    -0.84   0.401    -.0257743    .0103232
        109  |  -.0060177   .0085894    -0.70   0.484    -.0228718    .0108363
        110  |  -.0076777   .0123723    -0.62   0.535    -.0319547    .0165992
        111  |   .0120889   .0121738     0.99   0.321    -.0117984    .0359763
        112  |  -.0138251   .0080234    -1.72   0.085    -.0295687    .0019185
        113  |   .0036661   .0059111     0.62   0.535    -.0079326    .0152647
        114  |  -.0038278   .0051379    -0.75   0.456    -.0139093    .0062538
        115  |          0  (omitted)
        116  |   .0106379   .0124402     0.86   0.393    -.0137722     .035048
        117  |   .0119406    .013074     0.91   0.361    -.0137132    .0375943
             |
       _cons |   .2076458   .0732004     2.84   0.005     .0640121    .3512795
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * A4: ROBUSTNESS OF IDEOLOGY AND ELITE-EDUCATED LAWMAKERS (HOUSE)
. gener elite_undergrad_university=0

. replace elite_undergrad_university= 1 if elite_undergrad_75==1 & elite_las_co
> llege==0
(1,320 real changes made)

. 
. gener elite_no_las = 0

. replace elite_no_las = 1 if elite_education==1 & elite_las_college==0
(2,706 real changes made)

. 
. gener elite_education_total = elite_undergrad_75+elite_grad_75+elite_law+elit
> e_mba
(11 missing values generated)

. 
. *replicate analyses in Table A2 for different elite education variables
. 
. *control only for if someone went to an elite undergraduate university (not i
> ncluding LAC)
. 
. regress dwnom1 elite_undergrad_university majority seniority sensq state_leg 
> state_leg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam l
> atino deleg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(18, 1046)       =      13.15
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1324
                                                Root MSE          =     .16175

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_unde~y |  -.0913902   .0250926    -3.64   0.000    -.1406278   -.0421526
    majority |   .0714325   .0087742     8.14   0.000     .0542155    .0886495
   seniority |  -.0141337   .0031616    -4.47   0.000    -.0203374   -.0079299
       sensq |   .0004379   .0002234     1.96   0.050    -5.40e-07    .0008763
   state_leg |   .0543211   .0205564     2.64   0.008     .0139847    .0946575
state_leg_~f |  -.1913623    .063198    -3.03   0.003    -.3153715   -.0673531
  maj_leader |   .0624892    .017217     3.63   0.000     .0287054     .096273
  min_leader |   .0533908   .0211412     2.53   0.012     .0119068    .0948747
     speaker |   .0071765   .0385263     0.19   0.852    -.0684211    .0827742
       chair |   .0223875   .0157716     1.42   0.156    -.0085601    .0533351
      subchr |  -.0087789   .0104611    -0.84   0.402     -.029306    .0117483
       power |  -.0228542   .0121484    -1.88   0.060    -.0466922    .0009837
      female |  -.0628238   .0208139    -3.02   0.003    -.1036656   -.0219821
        afam |  -.0083073   .0432248    -0.19   0.848    -.0931244    .0765099
      latino |  -.0574413   .0272554    -2.11   0.035    -.1109228   -.0039597
  deleg_size |   .0012554   .0004846     2.59   0.010     .0003046    .0022062
     votepct |   .0061528    .002325     2.65   0.008     .0015907     .010715
  votepct_sq |  -.0000366   .0000151    -2.43   0.015    -.0000662   -6.99e-06
       _cons |   .1711297     .08336     2.05   0.040     .0075579    .3347015
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. regress dwnom1 elite_undergrad_university majority seniority sensq state_leg 
> state_leg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam l
> atino deleg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(18, 1063)       =      36.68
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3138
                                                Root MSE          =     .13006

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_unde~y |  -.0324367   .0131081    -2.47   0.013    -.0581575    -.006716
    majority |   .0378263   .0075318     5.02   0.000     .0230474    .0526052
   seniority |  -.0015134   .0023408    -0.65   0.518    -.0061065    .0030798
       sensq |  -.0000568   .0001338    -0.42   0.671    -.0003193    .0002057
   state_leg |   .0739264   .0179225     4.12   0.000     .0387588    .1090939
state_leg_~f |  -.2311873   .0467883    -4.94   0.000    -.3229953   -.1393793
  maj_leader |  -.0688186   .0118798    -5.79   0.000     -.092129   -.0455081
  min_leader |  -.0265853   .0161812    -1.64   0.101    -.0583361    .0051655
     speaker |  -.0378819   .0241962    -1.57   0.118    -.0853597    .0095959
       chair |  -.0359171   .0135907    -2.64   0.008    -.0625847   -.0092495
      subchr |  -.0092889   .0077604    -1.20   0.232    -.0245164    .0059385
       power |  -.0295103   .0105474    -2.80   0.005    -.0502063   -.0088143
      female |  -.0330844   .0106225    -3.11   0.002    -.0539279   -.0122408
        afam |  -.1600691   .0119129   -13.44   0.000    -.1834446   -.1366936
      latino |  -.0423895   .0193077    -2.20   0.028     -.080275    -.004504
  deleg_size |  -.0012523   .0003896    -3.21   0.001    -.0020168   -.0004879
     votepct |  -.0134648   .0020348    -6.62   0.000    -.0174575   -.0094721
  votepct_sq |   .0000889   .0000136     6.55   0.000     .0000622    .0001155
       _cons |   .2024945   .0720515     2.81   0.005     .0611151    .3438739
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *control only for if someone went to an elite institution--graduate, professi
> onal, or undergraduate--other than an elite LAC
. 
. regress dwnom1 elite_no_las majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof
>  maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg_si
> ze votepct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(18, 1046)       =      12.72
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1270
                                                Root MSE          =     .16225

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_no_las |  -.0649056   .0179846    -3.61   0.000    -.1001956   -.0296155
    majority |   .0724257   .0090071     8.04   0.000     .0547517    .0900997
   seniority |  -.0139313   .0030963    -4.50   0.000    -.0200071   -.0078556
       sensq |   .0004224   .0002176     1.94   0.053    -4.62e-06    .0008495
   state_leg |   .0539147   .0207654     2.60   0.010     .0131682    .0946612
state_leg_~f |  -.1905734   .0640502    -2.98   0.003    -.3162549   -.0648919
  maj_leader |   .0706428   .0176804     4.00   0.000     .0359496     .105336
  min_leader |   .0603528   .0206753     2.92   0.004      .019783    .1009226
     speaker |  -.0046675   .0390837    -0.12   0.905    -.0813588    .0720239
       chair |   .0194617   .0160104     1.22   0.224    -.0119545    .0508779
      subchr |  -.0097531   .0104298    -0.94   0.350    -.0302189    .0107127
       power |  -.0263234    .012063    -2.18   0.029    -.0499938    -.002653
      female |  -.0669354   .0207742    -3.22   0.001    -.1076992   -.0261716
        afam |  -.0169575   .0435803    -0.39   0.697    -.1024722    .0685573
      latino |  -.0563431   .0270418    -2.08   0.037    -.1094055   -.0032807
  deleg_size |   .0012422   .0004858     2.56   0.011      .000289    .0021955
     votepct |   .0063083   .0023395     2.70   0.007     .0017178    .0108989
  votepct_sq |  -.0000375   .0000152    -2.47   0.014    -.0000673   -7.65e-06
       _cons |   .1683908   .0835553     2.02   0.044     .0044356    .3323459
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. regress dwnom1 elite_no_las majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof
>  maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg_si
> ze votepct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(18, 1063)       =      37.12
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3152
                                                Root MSE          =     .12992

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_no_las |  -.0276827   .0095631    -2.89   0.004    -.0464473    -.008918
    majority |   .0375101   .0075391     4.98   0.000      .022717    .0523033
   seniority |  -.0017742    .002283    -0.78   0.437    -.0062539    .0027056
       sensq |  -.0000383    .000129    -0.30   0.767    -.0002914    .0002149
   state_leg |   .0755681   .0178094     4.24   0.000     .0406225    .1105137
state_leg_~f |  -.2356539   .0464636    -5.07   0.000    -.3268247    -.144483
  maj_leader |  -.0647279   .0120638    -5.37   0.000    -.0883994   -.0410563
  min_leader |  -.0237727   .0165631    -1.44   0.152    -.0562729    .0087275
     speaker |   -.046144    .024019    -1.92   0.055    -.0932739     .000986
       chair |  -.0362386   .0135503    -2.67   0.008     -.062827   -.0096501
      subchr |  -.0092975   .0077604    -1.20   0.231    -.0245249    .0059298
       power |  -.0294147   .0105789    -2.78   0.006    -.0501727   -.0086567
      female |  -.0330529   .0105848    -3.12   0.002    -.0538224   -.0122834
        afam |  -.1621717   .0119904   -13.53   0.000    -.1856992   -.1386442
      latino |  -.0437532   .0194581    -2.25   0.025    -.0819339   -.0055725
  deleg_size |  -.0011872   .0003888    -3.05   0.002    -.0019502   -.0004242
     votepct |  -.0131591   .0020292    -6.49   0.000    -.0171407   -.0091775
  votepct_sq |   .0000868   .0000135     6.42   0.000     .0000603    .0001134
       _cons |   .1946893   .0718203     2.71   0.007     .0537636    .3356151
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *control for total number of elite educational experiences (undergraduate plu
> s law/business/graduate--maximum value is three)
. 
. regress dwnom1 elite_education_total majority seniority sensq state_leg state
> _leg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino
>  deleg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,953
                                                F(18, 1046)       =      13.63
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1433
                                                Root MSE          =     .16072

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~l |  -.0553109    .009818    -5.63   0.000    -.0745762   -.0360456
    majority |   .0684736   .0089832     7.62   0.000     .0508464    .0861008
   seniority |  -.0137841   .0030792    -4.48   0.000    -.0198261    -.007742
       sensq |   .0004123   .0002152     1.92   0.056    -9.94e-06    .0008345
   state_leg |   .0546169   .0206533     2.64   0.008     .0140903    .0951436
state_leg_~f |  -.1949788   .0634486    -3.07   0.002    -.3194798   -.0704778
  maj_leader |   .0710364   .0179708     3.95   0.000     .0357733    .1062994
  min_leader |   .0554741   .0213951     2.59   0.010     .0134919    .0974562
     speaker |  -.0059988   .0392935    -0.15   0.879    -.0831019    .0711043
       chair |   .0211633   .0157526     1.34   0.179    -.0097469    .0520735
      subchr |  -.0075152   .0104784    -0.72   0.473    -.0280762    .0130459
       power |   -.024733   .0120774    -2.05   0.041    -.0484317   -.0010344
      female |  -.0693069   .0208796    -3.32   0.001    -.1102775   -.0283363
        afam |  -.0215259   .0441852    -0.49   0.626    -.1082276    .0651757
      latino |  -.0613882    .026959    -2.28   0.023     -.114288   -.0084884
  deleg_size |   .0013461   .0004847     2.78   0.006      .000395    .0022973
     votepct |   .0062105    .002314     2.68   0.007     .0016699    .0107511
  votepct_sq |  -.0000369    .000015    -2.45   0.014    -.0000664   -7.37e-06
       _cons |   .1755712   .0826228     2.12   0.034      .013446    .3376965
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. regress dwnom1 elite_education_total majority seniority sensq state_leg state
> _leg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino
>  deleg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,792
                                                F(18, 1063)       =      36.98
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3195
                                                Root MSE          =     .12953

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~l |  -.0234955   .0065178    -3.60   0.000    -.0362846   -.0107063
    majority |   .0370675   .0075924     4.88   0.000     .0221698    .0519653
   seniority |  -.0018273   .0022908    -0.80   0.425    -.0063224    .0026678
       sensq |  -.0000403   .0001298    -0.31   0.756     -.000295    .0002144
   state_leg |   .0732188    .017791     4.12   0.000     .0383093    .1081283
state_leg_~f |  -.2305142   .0466365    -4.94   0.000    -.3220241   -.1390042
  maj_leader |  -.0653816   .0121398    -5.39   0.000    -.0892024   -.0415608
  min_leader |  -.0251578   .0165988    -1.52   0.130     -.057728    .0074125
     speaker |  -.0468112   .0239442    -1.96   0.051    -.0937946    .0001721
       chair |  -.0367644   .0135219    -2.72   0.007    -.0632971   -.0102317
      subchr |   -.009657   .0077482    -1.25   0.213    -.0248604    .0055465
       power |  -.0295913   .0104872    -2.82   0.005    -.0501692   -.0090134
      female |  -.0341442   .0106132    -3.22   0.001    -.0549695    -.013319
        afam |  -.1635158   .0121298   -13.48   0.000    -.1873169   -.1397148
      latino |  -.0456039   .0194277    -2.35   0.019    -.0837249   -.0074829
  deleg_size |  -.0011996   .0003846    -3.12   0.002    -.0019543   -.0004448
     votepct |  -.0131843   .0020311    -6.49   0.000    -.0171697   -.0091988
  votepct_sq |   .0000869   .0000135     6.43   0.000     .0000604    .0001134
       _cons |    .200117   .0719846     2.78   0.006      .058869     .341365
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * A5: ROBUSTNESS OF LIBERAL ELITE-EDUCATED LAWMAKERS RESULTS (HOUSE)
. * Model A5.1 Republicans (midwest as control region)
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq south northeast west if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(21, 1046)       =      19.99
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3109
                                                Root MSE          =      .1442

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0412736   .0142586    -2.89   0.004    -.0692522   -.0132949
    majority |   .0622279   .0082534     7.54   0.000     .0460329     .078423
   seniority |  -.0106358   .0030189    -3.52   0.000    -.0165595    -.004712
       sensq |   .0002475   .0002118     1.17   0.243    -.0001681    .0006631
   state_leg |   .0228556   .0187953     1.22   0.224    -.0140252    .0597363
state_leg_~f |  -.0744272   .0578162    -1.29   0.198    -.1878761    .0390217
  maj_leader |   .0401118   .0150117     2.67   0.008     .0106552    .0695683
  min_leader |   .0377107   .0231912     1.63   0.104    -.0077958    .0832172
     speaker |   .0199766   .0457999     0.44   0.663    -.0698935    .1098467
       chair |   .0132667   .0147016     0.90   0.367    -.0155814    .0421148
      subchr |  -.0058308   .0094031    -0.62   0.535    -.0242818    .0126202
       power |  -.0353921   .0110564    -3.20   0.001    -.0570874   -.0136969
      female |  -.0472063   .0155892    -3.03   0.003     -.077796   -.0166166
        afam |  -.0327541   .0510918    -0.64   0.522    -.1330081    .0674999
      latino |  -.1010899   .0289146    -3.50   0.000     -.157827   -.0443528
  deleg_size |    .001025   .0004781     2.14   0.032     .0000868    .0019633
     votepct |   .0070307   .0021063     3.34   0.001     .0028977    .0111636
  votepct_sq |  -.0000458   .0000137    -3.34   0.001    -.0000727   -.0000189
       south |    .069626   .0142864     4.87   0.000     .0415928    .0976591
   northeast |  -.1430349     .01873    -7.64   0.000    -.1797876   -.1062822
        west |    .052199   .0174477     2.99   0.003     .0179625    .0864354
       _cons |   .1467156   .0748621     1.96   0.050    -.0001815    .2936126
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A5.2 Remove the South.  Republicans:
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq if dem==0 & south==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      3,244
                                                F(18, 690)        =       6.84
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1245
                                                Root MSE          =     .16616

                          (Std. Err. adjusted for 691 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |   -.087703   .0207959    -4.22   0.000    -.1285339    -.046872
    majority |   .0715858   .0111504     6.42   0.000     .0496931    .0934785
   seniority |  -.0086487   .0040344    -2.14   0.032    -.0165698   -.0007276
       sensq |   .0002244   .0003034     0.74   0.460    -.0003714    .0008201
   state_leg |    .007513   .0298552     0.25   0.801    -.0511049    .0661309
state_leg_~f |   .0090207    .076797     0.12   0.907    -.1417632    .1598046
  maj_leader |   .0654726   .0246134     2.66   0.008     .0171464    .1137988
  min_leader |   .0661883   .0243236     2.72   0.007     .0184312    .1139455
     speaker |   .0337307   .0468901     0.72   0.472    -.0583336    .1257951
       chair |   .0249762   .0209638     1.19   0.234    -.0161844    .0661368
      subchr |  -.0107724   .0136064    -0.79   0.429    -.0374873    .0159425
       power |  -.0210244   .0168312    -1.25   0.212    -.0540709    .0120221
      female |  -.0699053   .0245498    -2.85   0.005    -.1181067    -.021704
        afam |   .0576612   .0595334     0.97   0.333    -.0592272    .1745496
      latino |   .0425063   .0384576     1.11   0.269    -.0330017    .1180142
  deleg_size |   .0000405   .0006191     0.07   0.948    -.0011751     .001256
     votepct |   .0048317   .0029441     1.64   0.101    -.0009487    .0106121
  votepct_sq |  -.0000352     .00002    -1.76   0.080    -.0000745    4.16e-06
       _cons |   .2261939   .1028862     2.20   0.028     .0241863    .4282014
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A5.3 Democrats with regional controls
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq south northeast west if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(21, 1063)       =      38.92
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4207
                                                Root MSE          =     .11953

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0324396   .0089455    -3.63   0.000    -.0499925   -.0148868
    majority |   .0322311   .0067862     4.75   0.000     .0189152     .045547
   seniority |  -.0011132   .0019159    -0.58   0.561    -.0048725     .002646
       sensq |  -.0000835   .0001018    -0.82   0.413    -.0002832    .0001163
   state_leg |   .0177621   .0172951     1.03   0.305    -.0161743    .0516985
state_leg_~f |  -.0587214   .0461582    -1.27   0.204    -.1492929    .0318501
  maj_leader |  -.0560972   .0139494    -4.02   0.000    -.0834686   -.0287257
  min_leader |  -.0270033   .0182361    -1.48   0.139    -.0627862    .0087796
     speaker |  -.0583423   .0350225    -1.67   0.096    -.1270633    .0103787
       chair |  -.0364442   .0120062    -3.04   0.002    -.0600028   -.0128856
      subchr |  -.0077245   .0070412    -1.10   0.273    -.0215407    .0060917
       power |  -.0321491   .0096415    -3.33   0.001    -.0510676   -.0132306
      female |  -.0215835   .0100552    -2.15   0.032    -.0413137   -.0018533
        afam |  -.1765891   .0119915   -14.73   0.000    -.2001189   -.1530593
      latino |  -.0594828   .0179855    -3.31   0.001    -.0947739   -.0241916
  deleg_size |  -.0011595   .0003694    -3.14   0.002    -.0018843   -.0004347
     votepct |  -.0106203   .0018016    -5.90   0.000    -.0141553   -.0070853
  votepct_sq |   .0000665   .0000118     5.61   0.000     .0000432    .0000897
       south |   .1143333   .0133413     8.57   0.000      .088155    .1405117
   northeast |  -.0137278   .0117901    -1.16   0.245    -.0368623    .0094067
        west |  -.0095546   .0145146    -0.66   0.511    -.0380351    .0189259
       _cons |   .1004923   .0643179     1.56   0.118    -.0257121    .2266967
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A5.4 Democrats excluding South
. regress dwnom1 elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_p
> rof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg
> _size votepct votepct_sq if dem==1 & south==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,138
                                                F(18, 740)        =      26.86
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3171
                                                Root MSE          =     .10864

                          (Std. Err. adjusted for 741 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0244453   .0096659    -2.53   0.012    -.0434211   -.0054696
    majority |   .0253209   .0069846     3.63   0.000     .0116089    .0390328
   seniority |  -.0015284   .0018338    -0.83   0.405    -.0051285    .0020716
       sensq |  -.0000979   .0000883    -1.11   0.268    -.0002712    .0000755
   state_leg |   .0205691   .0213408     0.96   0.335    -.0213267    .0624649
state_leg_~f |  -.0637443   .0520056    -1.23   0.221    -.1658403    .0383517
  maj_leader |  -.0390682    .013588    -2.88   0.004    -.0657437   -.0123926
  min_leader |  -.0222254    .018298    -1.21   0.225    -.0581476    .0136968
     speaker |  -.0002731   .0220747    -0.01   0.990    -.0436096    .0430633
       chair |  -.0320933   .0118147    -2.72   0.007    -.0552876   -.0088989
      subchr |  -.0070866   .0073745    -0.96   0.337     -.021564    .0073908
       power |  -.0221704   .0112151    -1.98   0.048    -.0441876   -.0001532
      female |   -.017242   .0105647    -1.63   0.103    -.0379824    .0034983
        afam |   -.131156    .012954   -10.12   0.000    -.1565871    -.105725
      latino |  -.0303345   .0185251    -1.64   0.102    -.0667025    .0060336
  deleg_size |  -.0011612    .000382    -3.04   0.002    -.0019111   -.0004113
     votepct |  -.0091382   .0020243    -4.51   0.000    -.0131122   -.0051642
  votepct_sq |   .0000505   .0000133     3.81   0.000     .0000245    .0000766
       _cons |   .0615103   .0734036     0.84   0.402    -.0825937    .2056144
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * A7: ROBUSTNESS OF IDEOLOGY RESULTS TO IVY LEAGUE-EDUCATED LAWMAKERS (HOUSE)
. * Model A7.1
. regress dwnom1 ivyany if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,071
                                                F(1, 1056)        =      30.47
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.0424
                                                Root MSE          =     .16981

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,057 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |  -.1123972   .0203608    -5.52   0.000    -.1523495   -.0724449
       _cons |   .4087917   .0066769    61.22   0.000     .3956901    .4218932
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A7.2
. regress dwnom1 ivyany majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof maj_l
> eader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg_size vot
> epct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(18, 1046)       =      13.96
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1410
                                                Root MSE          =     .16094

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |  -.1045668   .0185179    -5.65   0.000    -.1409033   -.0682303
    majority |   .0708157   .0087928     8.05   0.000     .0535622    .0880691
   seniority |  -.0136586   .0029993    -4.55   0.000     -.019544   -.0077731
       sensq |   .0004166   .0002033     2.05   0.041     .0000177    .0008155
   state_leg |   .0560829   .0205683     2.73   0.007     .0157229    .0964428
state_leg_~f |  -.1920983   .0622557    -3.09   0.002    -.3142586    -.069938
  maj_leader |   .0731175    .018279     4.00   0.000     .0372498    .1089853
  min_leader |   .0615801   .0205079     3.00   0.003     .0213389    .1018213
     speaker |   -.005826   .0396483    -0.15   0.883    -.0836252    .0719733
       chair |   .0176705   .0156489     1.13   0.259    -.0130363    .0483774
      subchr |  -.0104754   .0105236    -1.00   0.320    -.0311251    .0101744
       power |  -.0245552   .0118923    -2.06   0.039    -.0478908   -.0012196
      female |  -.0683592   .0208313    -3.28   0.001     -.109235   -.0274834
        afam |  -.0068731   .0439261    -0.16   0.876    -.0930664    .0793202
      latino |  -.0556796   .0270218    -2.06   0.040    -.1087027   -.0026564
  deleg_size |   .0012402   .0004734     2.62   0.009     .0003114    .0021691
     votepct |   .0065146   .0022818     2.86   0.004     .0020372     .010992
  votepct_sq |  -.0000391   .0000148    -2.64   0.009    -.0000683   -9.99e-06
       _cons |   .1596468   .0819387     1.95   0.052    -.0011361    .3204296
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A7.3 (Congress fixed effects)
. regress dwnom1 ivyany majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof maj_l
> eader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg_size vot
> epct votepct_sq i.congress if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(41, 1046)       =          .
                                                Prob > F          =          .
                                                R-squared         =     0.2902
                                                Root MSE          =     .14665

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |  -.0720707   .0172849    -4.17   0.000    -.1059878   -.0381537
    majority |   .4636718    .010091    45.95   0.000     .4438709    .4834726
   seniority |  -.0129584    .002727    -4.75   0.000    -.0183095   -.0076073
       sensq |    .000254   .0001976     1.29   0.199    -.0001338    .0006417
   state_leg |   .0355628     .01855     1.92   0.055    -.0008366    .0719622
state_leg_~f |  -.1362324    .056653    -2.40   0.016    -.2473989    -.025066
  maj_leader |   .0700853   .0190054     3.69   0.000     .0327922    .1073784
  min_leader |   .0605953   .0188531     3.21   0.001     .0236012    .0975895
     speaker |   -.001375   .0261758    -0.05   0.958    -.0527379     .049988
       chair |   .0223996   .0147847     1.52   0.130    -.0066113    .0514106
      subchr |  -.0083625    .010151    -0.82   0.410    -.0282811    .0115562
       power |  -.0222376   .0116055    -1.92   0.056    -.0450104    .0005351
      female |  -.0824785   .0183923    -4.48   0.000    -.1185686   -.0463884
        afam |  -.0358931   .0440541    -0.81   0.415    -.1223375    .0505513
      latino |   -.080306   .0279443    -2.87   0.004    -.1351393   -.0254728
  deleg_size |   .0011508    .000433     2.66   0.008     .0003012    .0020004
     votepct |   .0072967   .0022003     3.32   0.001     .0029791    .0116143
  votepct_sq |  -.0000409   .0000143    -2.86   0.004    -.0000689   -.0000128
             |
    congress |
         94  |   .0202466   .0100542     2.01   0.044     .0005178    .0399753
         95  |   .0159777   .0117739     1.36   0.175    -.0071255    .0390809
         96  |   .0368767   .0138019     2.67   0.008      .009794    .0639593
         97  |   .0405225   .0138221     2.93   0.003     .0134004    .0676446
         98  |   .0662677   .0146127     4.53   0.000     .0375941    .0949413
         99  |   .0684329   .0140406     4.87   0.000      .040882    .0959838
        100  |   .0759642   .0146498     5.19   0.000     .0472179    .1047106
        101  |   .0780219   .0157181     4.96   0.000     .0471793    .1088645
        102  |   .0867147    .017832     4.86   0.000     .0517241    .1217053
        103  |   .1106331   .0172578     6.41   0.000     .0767692    .1444969
        104  |  -.3340593   .0149483   -22.35   0.000    -.3633913   -.3047273
        105  |  -.3216465   .0143646   -22.39   0.000    -.3498332   -.2934598
        106  |  -.3199072   .0144296   -22.17   0.000    -.3482214   -.2915929
        107  |  -.3120867   .0145575   -21.44   0.000     -.340652   -.2835214
        108  |  -.3085092   .0146685   -21.03   0.000    -.3372922   -.2797263
        109  |  -.2973712   .0153517   -19.37   0.000    -.3274949   -.2672475
        110  |   .1925311   .0159673    12.06   0.000     .1611994    .2238628
        111  |   .2068058    .016387    12.62   0.000     .1746508    .2389609
        112  |  -.2561144   .0166378   -15.39   0.000    -.2887616   -.2234671
        113  |  -.2403161   .0171273   -14.03   0.000    -.2739238   -.2067083
        114  |   -.247952   .0172516   -14.37   0.000    -.2818036   -.2141003
        115  |   -.232938     .01749   -13.32   0.000    -.2672576   -.1986185
        116  |   .2509698   .0153765    16.32   0.000     .2207974    .2811422
        117  |   .2516364   .0156005    16.13   0.000     .2210245    .2822484
             |
       _cons |   .0128516   .0808185     0.16   0.874    -.1457333    .1714364
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A7.4
. regress dwnom1 ivyany if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,951
                                                F(1, 1071)        =       0.30
                                                Prob > F          =     0.5859
                                                R-squared         =     0.0002
                                                Root MSE          =     .15829

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,072 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |  -.0067371    .012362    -0.54   0.586    -.0309935    .0175194
       _cons |  -.3423127   .0067591   -50.64   0.000    -.3555753     -.32905
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A7.5
. regress dwnom1 ivyany majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof maj_l
> eader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg_size vot
> epct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(18, 1063)       =      37.28
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3110
                                                Root MSE          =     .13032

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |  -.0183969   .0106076    -1.73   0.083    -.0392111    .0024174
    majority |   .0378021   .0075339     5.02   0.000     .0230192     .052585
   seniority |  -.0014191   .0023526    -0.60   0.546    -.0060354    .0031972
       sensq |  -.0000627   .0001341    -0.47   0.640    -.0003258    .0002005
   state_leg |   .0751763   .0178956     4.20   0.000     .0400616    .1102909
state_leg_~f |  -.2316374    .047096    -4.92   0.000    -.3240491   -.1392257
  maj_leader |  -.0694371   .0122199    -5.68   0.000     -.093415   -.0454591
  min_leader |  -.0269971   .0164049    -1.65   0.100    -.0591868    .0051926
     speaker |  -.0361979   .0243173    -1.49   0.137    -.0839134    .0115175
       chair |  -.0355634   .0135958    -2.62   0.009    -.0622411   -.0088858
      subchr |  -.0095112    .007815    -1.22   0.224    -.0248458    .0058233
       power |   -.029695   .0107081    -2.77   0.006    -.0507064   -.0086837
      female |  -.0315372   .0106742    -2.95   0.003    -.0524821   -.0105923
        afam |    -.15997   .0118626   -13.49   0.000    -.1832468   -.1366933
      latino |  -.0416654   .0194688    -2.14   0.033    -.0798671   -.0034637
  deleg_size |  -.0012826   .0004021    -3.19   0.001    -.0020715   -.0004936
     votepct |  -.0135083    .002039    -6.63   0.000    -.0175092   -.0095074
  votepct_sq |   .0000892   .0000136     6.55   0.000     .0000625    .0001159
       _cons |   .2025306   .0720987     2.81   0.005     .0610586    .3440026
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A7.6
. regress dwnom1 ivyany majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof maj_l
> eader min_leader speaker chair subchr power female afam latino deleg_size vot
> epct votepct_sq i.congress if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)
note: 115.congress omitted because of collinearity

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(41, 1063)       =      18.30
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.3133
                                                Root MSE          =     .13037

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
      dwnom1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |  -.0178393   .0105183    -1.70   0.090    -.0384784    .0027997
    majority |   .0219771   .0133387     1.65   0.100    -.0041961    .0481503
   seniority |  -.0010583   .0024219    -0.44   0.662    -.0058106     .003694
       sensq |  -.0000727   .0001347    -0.54   0.590    -.0003371    .0001917
   state_leg |   .0748536   .0178824     4.19   0.000     .0397648    .1099424
state_leg_~f |  -.2305268   .0470928    -4.90   0.000    -.3229323   -.1381213
  maj_leader |  -.0679803      .0122    -5.57   0.000    -.0919191   -.0440416
  min_leader |  -.0281665   .0165364    -1.70   0.089    -.0606142    .0042812
     speaker |   -.038308   .0228024    -1.68   0.093    -.0830507    .0064348
       chair |  -.0363668   .0138809    -2.62   0.009    -.0636039   -.0091296
      subchr |  -.0107956    .008019    -1.35   0.179    -.0265305    .0049394
       power |  -.0300091   .0107992    -2.78   0.006    -.0511993   -.0088188
      female |   -.029737   .0110887    -2.68   0.007    -.0514952   -.0079788
        afam |  -.1586798   .0121616   -13.05   0.000    -.1825433   -.1348163
      latino |  -.0402482   .0196435    -2.05   0.041    -.0787927   -.0017037
  deleg_size |  -.0012905   .0004019    -3.21   0.001    -.0020791   -.0005019
     votepct |  -.0137052   .0020675    -6.63   0.000     -.017762   -.0096483
  votepct_sq |   .0000903   .0000137     6.58   0.000     .0000634    .0001172
             |
    congress |
         94  |   .0042677   .0072842     0.59   0.558    -.0100252    .0185607
         95  |   .0192421   .0095732     2.01   0.045     .0004576    .0380267
         96  |   .0170087   .0111971     1.52   0.129    -.0049622    .0389796
         97  |   .0246027   .0132487     1.86   0.064    -.0013939    .0505993
         98  |   .0251149   .0126435     1.99   0.047     .0003058     .049924
         99  |   .0110634   .0114513     0.97   0.334    -.0114064    .0335332
        100  |   .0175871   .0114551     1.54   0.125    -.0048899    .0400642
        101  |   .0183784   .0122316     1.50   0.133    -.0056225    .0423792
        102  |   .0156327   .0120243     1.30   0.194    -.0079614    .0392267
        103  |   .0055029   .0125479     0.44   0.661    -.0191186    .0301244
        104  |   -.000033   .0111051    -0.00   0.998    -.0218234    .0217575
        105  |  -.0083639   .0109184    -0.77   0.444    -.0297879    .0130602
        106  |  -.0085024   .0099863    -0.85   0.395    -.0280975    .0110927
        107  |  -.0066485   .0095169    -0.70   0.485    -.0253226    .0120256
        108  |  -.0066307    .009292    -0.71   0.476    -.0248635    .0116021
        109  |  -.0050718   .0086659    -0.59   0.558     -.022076    .0119324
        110  |  -.0082982   .0123906    -0.67   0.503     -.032611    .0160146
        111  |   .0116981   .0121945     0.96   0.338      -.01223    .0356263
        112  |  -.0131695     .00811    -1.62   0.105    -.0290829    .0027439
        113  |   .0045128   .0060066     0.75   0.453    -.0072733    .0162988
        114  |  -.0034554   .0051783    -0.67   0.505    -.0136162    .0067054
        115  |          0  (omitted)
        116  |   .0083408   .0123552     0.68   0.500    -.0159025    .0325841
        117  |   .0094644   .0129683     0.73   0.466     -.015982    .0349108
             |
       _cons |   .2130195    .073446     2.90   0.004      .068904    .3571351
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * A9: LAWMAKING EFFECTIVENESS OF ELITE-EDUCATED LEGISLATORS (HOUSE) 
. * Model A9.1
. regress lesclassic elite_education if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,089
                                                F(1, 1065)        =       0.72
                                                Prob > F          =     0.3967
                                                R-squared         =     0.0005
                                                Root MSE          =     1.3703

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,066 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -.0717583   .0846415    -0.85   0.397    -.2378413    .0943247
       _cons |   .9267172   .0402196    23.04   0.000     .8477984    1.005636
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A9.2
. regress lesclassic elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_l
> eg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam 
> latino deleg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(19, 1046)       =      33.94
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4009
                                                Root MSE          =     1.0634

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |   .0095544   .0663815     0.14   0.886    -.1207016    .1398105
    majority |   .5185665   .0564725     9.18   0.000     .4077542    .6293788
   seniority |   .0234339   .0232422     1.01   0.314    -.0221728    .0690406
       sensq |   .0025895   .0021113     1.23   0.220    -.0015534    .0067324
   state_leg |  -.0592478   .0834022    -0.71   0.478    -.2229025    .1044069
state_leg_~f |   .5406172   .2815831     1.92   0.055    -.0119149    1.093149
  maj_leader |   .3088534    .164311     1.88   0.060    -.0135634    .6312702
  min_leader |  -.1167403   .0608984    -1.92   0.056    -.2362372    .0027565
     speaker |  -.8855203    .234176    -3.78   0.000    -1.345028   -.4260122
       chair |   2.945527   .3397131     8.67   0.000      2.27893    3.612124
      subchr |   .5636267   .0718518     7.84   0.000     .4226367    .7046168
       power |  -.1515795   .0630718    -2.40   0.016    -.2753412   -.0278179
     meddist |  -.2758217   .1297247    -2.13   0.034     -.530372   -.0212713
      female |   .0453744   .0669948     0.68   0.498     -.086085    .1768339
        afam |   .0679518   .2904306     0.23   0.815    -.5019411    .6378447
      latino |  -.0318891   .1354921    -0.24   0.814    -.2977564    .2339781
  deleg_size |  -.0027884   .0027763    -1.00   0.315    -.0082361    .0026593
     votepct |   .0116497   .0122859     0.95   0.343    -.0124582    .0357575
  votepct_sq |  -.0000951   .0000843    -1.13   0.259    -.0002606    .0000703
       _cons |   .0467275   .4248483     0.11   0.912    -.7869244    .8803794
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A9.3  Congress fixed effects
. regress lesclassic elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_l
> eg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam 
> latino deleg_size votepct votepct_sq i.congress if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_i
> d)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(42, 1046)       =          .
                                                Prob > F          =          .
                                                R-squared         =     0.4071
                                                Root MSE          =     1.0605

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |   .0057638   .0673093     0.09   0.932    -.1263128    .1378404
    majority |   .4431932    .094282     4.70   0.000     .2581897    .6281967
   seniority |   .0201413   .0241555     0.83   0.405    -.0272575    .0675401
       sensq |   .0027178    .002159     1.26   0.208    -.0015187    .0069544
   state_leg |  -.0505721   .0842159    -0.60   0.548    -.2158234    .1146793
state_leg_~f |   .5173916   .2826023     1.83   0.067    -.0371405    1.071924
  maj_leader |   .3323359   .1716835     1.94   0.053    -.0045474    .6692192
  min_leader |  -.1010595   .0577172    -1.75   0.080    -.2143143    .0121953
     speaker |  -.8871837   .2349767    -3.78   0.000    -1.348263   -.4261043
       chair |   2.948667   .3361051     8.77   0.000      2.28915    3.608184
      subchr |   .5669761   .0709819     7.99   0.000      .427693    .7062592
       power |  -.1607931   .0638029    -2.52   0.012    -.2859893   -.0355968
     meddist |  -.4751602   .1664475    -2.85   0.004    -.8017692   -.1485512
      female |   .0254111   .0689086     0.37   0.712    -.1098038     .160626
        afam |   .0492387   .3160125     0.16   0.876    -.5708519    .6693293
      latino |  -.0496483   .1385169    -0.36   0.720    -.3214509    .2221544
  deleg_size |   -.002549   .0027841    -0.92   0.360    -.0080121    .0029141
     votepct |   .0144845   .0122465     1.18   0.237     -.009546     .038515
  votepct_sq |  -.0001115   .0000837    -1.33   0.183    -.0002757    .0000526
             |
    congress |
         94  |   .0625932   .0520749     1.20   0.230      -.03959    .1647764
         95  |    .066165    .049043     1.35   0.178    -.0300689    .1623989
         96  |    .056475   .0508172     1.11   0.267    -.0432402    .1561902
         97  |    .107587   .0505572     2.13   0.034      .008382     .206792
         98  |   .0937456   .0509877     1.84   0.066    -.0063043    .1937954
         99  |   .0558651   .0508352     1.10   0.272    -.0438855    .1556157
        100  |   .0962572   .0580519     1.66   0.098    -.0176543    .2101687
        101  |   .0623256   .0526759     1.18   0.237     -.041037    .1656881
        102  |   .0295823   .0590346     0.50   0.616    -.0862575    .1454221
        103  |   .0380097   .0572996     0.66   0.507    -.0744254    .1504449
        104  |   .2980264   .1115165     2.67   0.008     .0792048     .516848
        105  |   .3446218   .1157543     2.98   0.003     .1174847    .5717588
        106  |   .2608832   .1069511     2.44   0.015     .0510202    .4707462
        107  |    .201454    .095882     2.10   0.036     .0133111    .3895969
        108  |   .1598542   .1022325     1.56   0.118      -.04075    .3604584
        109  |   .0703712   .0960257     0.73   0.464    -.1180538    .2587962
        110  |   .1355885   .0672513     2.02   0.044     .0036257    .2675512
        111  |   .1440141   .0710264     2.03   0.043     .0046436    .2833846
        112  |   .0124344   .1282742     0.10   0.923    -.2392697    .2641385
        113  |   .0451253   .1179194     0.38   0.702    -.1862602    .2765108
        114  |  -.0495727   .1127023    -0.44   0.660    -.2707211    .1715757
        115  |  -.0201245   .1150772    -0.17   0.861     -.245933     .205684
        116  |    .304012   .0825872     3.68   0.000     .1419566    .4660675
        117  |    .297787   .0758999     3.92   0.000     .1488536    .4467203
             |
       _cons |  -.0640325   .4230788    -0.15   0.880    -.8942123    .7661473
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A9.4
. regress lesclassic elite_education if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      6,069
                                                F(1, 1093)        =       1.99
                                                Prob > F          =     0.1589
                                                R-squared         =     0.0014
                                                Root MSE          =      1.609

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,094 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |   .1306754   .0926876     1.41   0.159    -.0511904    .3125412
       _cons |   1.035223   .0470872    21.99   0.000     .9428313    1.127614
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A9.5
. regress lesclassic elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_l
> eg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam 
> latino deleg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(19, 1063)       =      32.72
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4130
                                                Root MSE          =     1.2326

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |   .1686344   .0663995     2.54   0.011     .0383455    .2989234
    majority |   .4467744   .0968219     4.61   0.000     .2567906    .6367582
   seniority |    .038484   .0180811     2.13   0.034     .0030054    .0739627
       sensq |    .000651   .0010537     0.62   0.537    -.0014167    .0027187
   state_leg |  -.1718799   .0924438    -1.86   0.063    -.3532728    .0095131
state_leg_~f |   .4745279   .2497132     1.90   0.058    -.0154588    .9645146
  maj_leader |   .6446235   .2108045     3.06   0.002     .2309832    1.058264
  min_leader |  -.1579952   .0852819    -1.85   0.064    -.3253352    .0093448
     speaker |  -1.280772   .3086664    -4.15   0.000    -1.886437   -.6751078
       chair |    2.88835   .2825444    10.22   0.000     2.333942    3.442758
      subchr |    .867925   .0815426    10.64   0.000     .7079223    1.027928
       power |  -.2444436   .0653539    -3.74   0.000    -.3726808   -.1162063
     meddist |    .328422   .2222958     1.48   0.140    -.1077664    .7646104
      female |   .0912028   .0616637     1.48   0.139    -.0297936    .2121992
        afam |  -.2781071   .0766223    -3.63   0.000    -.4284553   -.1277589
      latino |   .0003886    .113796     0.00   0.997    -.2229017    .2236789
  deleg_size |  -.0036327   .0022052    -1.65   0.100    -.0079597    .0006942
     votepct |   .0102917   .0133176     0.77   0.440      -.01584    .0364234
  votepct_sq |  -.0000652   .0000876    -0.74   0.457    -.0002372    .0001067
       _cons |   -.288465   .4748475    -0.61   0.544     -1.22021    .6432799
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A9.6
. regress lesclassic elite_education majority seniority sensq state_leg state_l
> eg_prof maj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam 
> latino deleg_size votepct votepct_sq i.congress if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_i
> d)
note: 115.congress omitted because of collinearity

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(42, 1063)       =      20.87
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4138
                                                Root MSE          =     1.2343

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |   .1694255   .0682897     2.48   0.013     .0354277    .3034234
    majority |   .3975952   .1345719     2.95   0.003     .1335385    .6616519
   seniority |   .0384861   .0185803     2.07   0.039     .0020279    .0749443
       sensq |   .0006423   .0010606     0.61   0.545    -.0014387    .0027233
   state_leg |   -.175949   .0934723    -1.88   0.060    -.3593602    .0074622
state_leg_~f |   .4832393   .2552467     1.89   0.059    -.0176054     .984084
  maj_leader |    .647168   .2151027     3.01   0.003     .2250938    1.069242
  min_leader |  -.1602705   .0862574    -1.86   0.063    -.3295245    .0089836
     speaker |  -1.267524   .3090711    -4.10   0.000    -1.873983   -.6610652
       chair |   2.891688   .2826783    10.23   0.000     2.337017    3.446359
      subchr |   .8710618   .0797731    10.92   0.000     .7145312    1.027592
       power |   -.242536   .0656235    -3.70   0.000    -.3713023   -.1137698
     meddist |   .2686759   .2492536     1.08   0.281    -.2204092    .7577609
      female |   .0905628   .0636412     1.42   0.155    -.0343138    .2154395
        afam |  -.2695154   .0772976    -3.49   0.001    -.4211886   -.1178422
      latino |  -.0002233   .1162401    -0.00   0.998    -.2283094    .2278628
  deleg_size |   -.003567    .002225    -1.60   0.109     -.007933    .0007989
     votepct |   .0112522   .0137989     0.82   0.415     -.015824    .0383283
  votepct_sq |  -.0000718   .0000901    -0.80   0.426    -.0002486     .000105
             |
    congress |
         94  |  -.0954195   .0995323    -0.96   0.338    -.2907216    .0998826
         95  |  -.0886255   .1163631    -0.76   0.446    -.3169529     .139702
         96  |  -.0720662   .1410624    -0.51   0.610    -.3488586    .2047263
         97  |  -.0622615   .1389768    -0.45   0.654    -.3349616    .2104385
         98  |  -.0699877   .1432373    -0.49   0.625    -.3510477    .2110722
         99  |  -.0425217   .1505961    -0.28   0.778     -.338021    .2529776
        100  |  -.0818525   .1441807    -0.57   0.570    -.3647637    .2010587
        101  |  -.0720825   .1432061    -0.50   0.615    -.3530812    .2089162
        102  |  -.0824403   .1412277    -0.58   0.560    -.3595571    .1946765
        103  |   .0217625   .1496214     0.15   0.884    -.2718244    .3153494
        104  |  -.1647715   .0582298    -2.83   0.005      -.27903   -.0505131
        105  |  -.1328637   .0539547    -2.46   0.014    -.2387335    -.026994
        106  |  -.0652611   .0598753    -1.09   0.276    -.1827483    .0522262
        107  |  -.0935042   .0574003    -1.63   0.104     -.206135    .0191266
        108  |  -.1037841   .0498495    -2.08   0.038    -.2015987   -.0059694
        109  |  -.1236922   .0515015    -2.40   0.016    -.2247483    -.022636
        110  |   -.005288   .1560485    -0.03   0.973     -.311486      .30091
        111  |  -.0582686   .1469668    -0.40   0.692    -.3466466    .2301094
        112  |  -.1328004    .050529    -2.63   0.009    -.2319484   -.0336524
        113  |  -.0599757   .0475827    -1.26   0.208    -.1533423    .0333909
        114  |   .0014873    .038653     0.04   0.969    -.0743574    .0773321
        115  |          0  (omitted)
        116  |   -.094921    .141155    -0.67   0.501    -.3718951     .182053
        117  |   -.135268   .1561889    -0.87   0.387    -.4417415    .1712056
             |
       _cons |  -.2012466   .4863197    -0.41   0.679    -1.155502     .753009
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * A11: ROBUSTNESS OF EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS TO IVY LEAGE-EDUCATED LAWMAKERS (H
> OUSE)
. * Model A11.1
. regress lesclassic ivyany if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,089
                                                F(1, 1065)        =       0.89
                                                Prob > F          =     0.3468
                                                R-squared         =     0.0005
                                                Root MSE          =     1.3703

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,066 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |  -.0985817   .1047424    -0.94   0.347    -.3041066    .1069431
       _cons |   .9215572   .0378894    24.32   0.000     .8472108    .9959035
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A11.2
. regress lesclassic ivyany majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof m
> aj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam latino de
> leg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(19, 1046)       =      33.45
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4009
                                                Root MSE          =     1.0634

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |   .0116155   .0774954     0.15   0.881    -.1404486    .1636797
    majority |   .5186247   .0552426     9.39   0.000     .4102258    .6270235
   seniority |   .0234396   .0232397     1.01   0.313    -.0221622    .0690414
       sensq |   .0025884    .002113     1.22   0.221    -.0015579    .0067346
   state_leg |  -.0592999   .0835165    -0.71   0.478    -.2231788     .104579
state_leg_~f |   .5397985   .2835632     1.90   0.057     -.016619    1.096216
  maj_leader |   .3084813   .1640887     1.88   0.060    -.0134993    .6304618
  min_leader |  -.1170402    .060747    -1.93   0.054      -.23624    .0021597
     speaker |  -.8858839   .2328697    -3.80   0.000    -1.342829    -.428939
       chair |    2.94591   .3395129     8.68   0.000     2.279706    3.612113
      subchr |   .5638428   .0721201     7.82   0.000     .4223262    .7053593
       power |  -.1518748   .0625042    -2.43   0.015    -.2745227   -.0292269
     meddist |   -.275019   .1285587    -2.14   0.033    -.5272813   -.0227568
      female |   .0452103    .066933     0.68   0.500    -.0861279    .1765485
        afam |   .0666121   .2904969     0.23   0.819    -.5034109    .6366352
      latino |  -.0325931   .1359919    -0.24   0.811    -.2994411    .2342549
  deleg_size |  -.0027808   .0027946    -1.00   0.320    -.0082645     .002703
     votepct |   .0115899   .0122847     0.94   0.346    -.0125155    .0356953
  votepct_sq |  -.0000947   .0000843    -1.12   0.262    -.0002602    .0000708
       _cons |   .0493442   .4225599     0.12   0.907    -.7798174    .8785058
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A11.3  
. regress lesclassic ivyany majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof m
> aj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam latino de
> leg_size votepct votepct_sq i.congress if dem==0, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      4,958
                                                F(42, 1046)       =          .
                                                Prob > F          =          .
                                                R-squared         =     0.4071
                                                Root MSE          =     1.0605

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,047 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |   .0026218   .0790733     0.03   0.974    -.1525385     .157782
    majority |   .4403961   .0832338     5.29   0.000     .2770719    .6037203
   seniority |   .0201575   .0241426     0.83   0.404     -.027216     .067531
       sensq |   .0027173   .0021599     1.26   0.209     -.001521    .0069556
   state_leg |  -.0504037   .0844643    -0.60   0.551    -.2161426    .1153351
state_leg_~f |    .516398   .2848424     1.81   0.070    -.0425297    1.075326
  maj_leader |   .3323874   .1715916     1.94   0.053    -.0043156    .6690904
  min_leader |  -.1013314   .0576151    -1.76   0.079    -.2143859     .011723
     speaker |  -.8881143   .2336468    -3.80   0.000    -1.346584   -.4296446
       chair |   2.948801   .3357393     8.78   0.000     2.290002    3.607601
      subchr |   .5669569   .0712156     7.96   0.000     .4272153    .7066986
       power |  -.1610298   .0631814    -2.55   0.011    -.2850066   -.0370531
     meddist |  -.4760363   .1655099    -2.88   0.004    -.8008056    -.151267
      female |   .0249861   .0687898     0.36   0.717    -.1099957    .1599678
        afam |   .0488851   .3160044     0.15   0.877    -.5711896    .6689598
      latino |  -.0504736    .138912    -0.36   0.716    -.3230515    .2221043
  deleg_size |  -.0025398   .0028035    -0.91   0.365    -.0080409    .0029613
     votepct |   .0144546   .0122557     1.18   0.239     -.009594    .0385032
  votepct_sq |  -.0001113   .0000838    -1.33   0.184    -.0002757    .0000531
             |
    congress |
         94  |   .0627375   .0517722     1.21   0.226    -.0388516    .1643266
         95  |    .066184   .0490172     1.35   0.177    -.0299993    .1623673
         96  |    .056519   .0506826     1.12   0.265    -.0429321    .1559701
         97  |   .1074372   .0511329     2.10   0.036     .0071025    .2077719
         98  |   .0935157   .0513801     1.82   0.069    -.0073042    .1943356
         99  |   .0555989   .0513067     1.08   0.279    -.0450769    .1562748
        100  |   .0959773   .0585783     1.64   0.102    -.0189671    .2109216
        101  |   .0620622   .0531223     1.17   0.243    -.0421761    .1663006
        102  |   .0293221   .0592963     0.49   0.621    -.0870312    .1456755
        103  |   .0377152   .0582446     0.65   0.517    -.0765744    .1520047
        104  |   .3000631   .1063541     2.82   0.005     .0913714    .5087548
        105  |   .3467253    .110765     3.13   0.002     .1293784    .5640721
        106  |   .2629882   .1008584     2.61   0.009     .0650803    .4608961
        107  |   .2034718   .0916612     2.22   0.027     .0236111    .3833325
        108  |   .1618964   .1000258     1.62   0.106    -.0343777    .3581705
        109  |   .0723146   .0955904     0.76   0.450    -.1152563    .2598855
        110  |   .1350149   .0684957     1.97   0.049     .0006102    .2694196
        111  |   .1433563   .0725983     1.97   0.049     .0009013    .2858112
        112  |   .0142484   .1337729     0.11   0.915    -.2482454    .2767422
        113  |   .0468956   .1161667     0.40   0.687    -.1810507    .2748419
        114  |  -.0477527   .1117661    -0.43   0.669    -.2670639    .1715586
        115  |  -.0182531   .1116486    -0.16   0.870    -.2373337    .2008276
        116  |   .3035153   .0838826     3.62   0.000      .138918    .4681126
        117  |   .2972442   .0769285     3.86   0.000     .1462924    .4481959
             |
       _cons |  -.0611773   .4223046    -0.14   0.885    -.8898379    .7674833
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A11.4
. regress lesclassic ivyany if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      6,069
                                                F(1, 1093)        =       0.08
                                                Prob > F          =     0.7796
                                                R-squared         =     0.0000
                                                Root MSE          =     1.6101

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,094 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |  -.0275398   .0983665    -0.28   0.780    -.2205483    .1654687
       _cons |   1.080161   .0458749    23.55   0.000     .9901479    1.170173
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A11.5
. regress lesclassic ivyany majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof m
> aj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam latino de
> leg_size votepct votepct_sq if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(19, 1063)       =      33.69
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4111
                                                Root MSE          =     1.2346

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |   .0824762   .0733002     1.13   0.261    -.0613534    .2263057
    majority |   .4661809   .0984022     4.74   0.000     .2730964    .6592655
   seniority |   .0363009    .017859     2.03   0.042     .0012581    .0713438
       sensq |   .0007684   .0010267     0.75   0.454    -.0012463     .002783
   state_leg |  -.1695909   .0927096    -1.83   0.068    -.3515055    .0123237
state_leg_~f |   .4427448   .2497947     1.77   0.077    -.0474018    .9328914
  maj_leader |   .6684441   .2123018     3.15   0.002      .251866    1.085022
  min_leader |  -.1476606   .0805164    -1.83   0.067    -.3056498    .0103285
     speaker |  -1.345332   .3082984    -4.36   0.000    -1.950274    -.740389
       chair |    2.88383   .2832498    10.18   0.000     2.328038    3.439623
      subchr |   .8680555   .0813558    10.67   0.000     .7084193    1.027692
       power |  -.2460098   .0661506    -3.72   0.000    -.3758102   -.1162093
     meddist |   .3932531   .2267109     1.73   0.083    -.0515986    .8381048
      female |   .0785964   .0619394     1.27   0.205    -.0429409    .2001338
        afam |  -.3054117   .0780835    -3.91   0.000    -.4586271   -.1521963
      latino |  -.0223719   .1155933    -0.19   0.847    -.2491889     .204445
  deleg_size |   -.003265   .0022163    -1.47   0.141    -.0076138    .0010839
     votepct |   .0117292   .0133321     0.88   0.379    -.0144309    .0378894
  votepct_sq |  -.0000758   .0000877    -0.86   0.388    -.0002479    .0000963
       _cons |  -.3210182   .4777369    -0.67   0.502    -1.258433    .6163962
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A11.6
. regress lesclassic ivyany majority seniority sensq state_leg state_leg_prof m
> aj_leader min_leader speaker chair subchr power meddist female afam latino de
> leg_size votepct votepct_sq i.congress if dem==1, cluster(bioguide_id)
note: 115.congress omitted because of collinearity

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      5,793
                                                F(42, 1063)       =      20.97
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.4118
                                                Root MSE          =     1.2363

                        (Std. Err. adjusted for 1,064 clusters in bioguide_id)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  lesclassic |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      ivyany |   .0792317   .0740211     1.07   0.285    -.0660123    .2244758
    majority |   .4117959   .1357376     3.03   0.002     .1454518      .67814
   seniority |   .0361516    .018355     1.97   0.049     .0001353    .0721678
       sensq |   .0007582    .001033     0.73   0.463    -.0012686    .0027851
   state_leg |  -.1730628   .0935428    -1.85   0.065    -.3566122    .0104866
state_leg_~f |   .4479824   .2540767     1.76   0.078    -.0505664    .9465312
  maj_leader |   .6686498   .2167695     3.08   0.002      .243305    1.093995
  min_leader |  -.1491184   .0814219    -1.83   0.067    -.3088842    .0106475
     speaker |  -1.331716   .3078536    -4.33   0.000    -1.935786   -.7276466
       chair |   2.887228   .2833812    10.19   0.000     2.331178    3.443278
      subchr |   .8716865   .0797441    10.93   0.000     .7152128     1.02816
       power |  -.2444011   .0664125    -3.68   0.000    -.3747155   -.1140867
     meddist |   .3436662   .2535864     1.36   0.176    -.1539205    .8412529
      female |   .0736441   .0633067     1.16   0.245    -.0505761    .1978643
        afam |  -.3011347   .0782596    -3.85   0.000    -.4546955   -.1475739
      latino |  -.0268951   .1178856    -0.23   0.820    -.2582099    .2044197
  deleg_size |  -.0031999   .0022335    -1.43   0.152    -.0075825    .0011827
     votepct |   .0127516   .0138064     0.92   0.356    -.0143394    .0398425
  votepct_sq |  -.0000824   .0000902    -0.91   0.361    -.0002594    .0000946
             |
    congress |
         94  |  -.0887797    .099679    -0.89   0.373    -.2843698    .1068103
         95  |  -.0860882   .1166794    -0.74   0.461    -.3150364      .14286
         96  |  -.0708272   .1415983    -0.50   0.617    -.3486712    .2070167
         97  |  -.0677462   .1394301    -0.49   0.627    -.3413356    .2058432
         98  |  -.0664108   .1437091    -0.46   0.644    -.3483966     .215575
         99  |  -.0430682   .1507418    -0.29   0.775    -.3388536    .2527171
        100  |  -.0832057   .1445444    -0.58   0.565    -.3668304     .200419
        101  |   -.070748   .1434636    -0.49   0.622     -.352252     .210756
        102  |  -.0777801   .1414718    -0.55   0.583    -.3553758    .1998155
        103  |   .0327799   .1498761     0.22   0.827    -.2613066    .3268665
        104  |  -.1610835   .0582707    -2.76   0.006    -.2754222   -.0467448
        105  |  -.1354152   .0543886    -2.49   0.013    -.2421363    -.028694
        106  |  -.0653778   .0595767    -1.10   0.273    -.1822791    .0515236
        107  |  -.0964913   .0574705    -1.68   0.093    -.2092599    .0162773
        108  |  -.1065731   .0495951    -2.15   0.032    -.2038885   -.0092578
        109  |  -.1269167   .0510197    -2.49   0.013    -.2270276   -.0268059
        110  |   .0033976    .156191     0.02   0.983    -.3030802    .3098754
        111  |  -.0475169   .1467583    -0.32   0.746    -.3354856    .2404519
        112  |  -.1382057   .0508486    -2.72   0.007    -.2379808   -.0384306
        113  |  -.0638069   .0473088    -1.35   0.178     -.156636    .0290223
        114  |  -.0016675   .0388382    -0.04   0.966    -.0778758    .0745408
        115  |          0  (omitted)
        116  |  -.0730497    .140517    -0.52   0.603     -.348772    .2026725
        117  |  -.1128439   .1556372    -0.73   0.469    -.4182349    .1925471
             |
       _cons |  -.2374169   .4902321    -0.48   0.628    -1.199349    .7245158
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * A12 will be LES Senate Ivys
. 
. * A13: ELITE EDUCATION AND VOTE SHARE (HOUSE)
. 
. gen congcount=congress-93

. label var congcount "Congress counter with 93rd Congress set to 0"

. * Model A13.1
. reg votepct elite_education if dem==0

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     4,970
-------------+----------------------------------   F(1, 4968)      =      0.35
       Model |  50.7479432         1  50.7479432   Prob > F        =    0.5550
    Residual |   723427.08     4,968  145.617367   R-squared       =    0.0001
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =   -0.0001
       Total |  723477.828     4,969  145.598275   Root MSE        =    12.067

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     votepct |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |    .240717   .4077596     0.59   0.555    -.5586718    1.040106
       _cons |   65.33638   .1948605   335.30   0.000     64.95436    65.71839
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A13.2
. reg votepct i.elite_education##c.congcount if dem==0

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     4,970
-------------+----------------------------------   F(3, 4966)      =      1.47
       Model |  644.033164         3  214.677721   Prob > F        =    0.2193
    Residual |  722833.795     4,966  145.556543   R-squared       =    0.0009
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.0003
       Total |  723477.828     4,969  145.598275   Root MSE        =    12.065

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     votepct |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
1.elite_ed~n |   .0448191     .76545     0.06   0.953    -1.455801    1.545439
   congcount |  -.0504187   .0282172    -1.79   0.074    -.1057369    .0048995
             |
elite_educ~n#|
 c.congcount |
          1  |   .0038497   .0570212     0.07   0.946    -.1079371    .1156365
             |
       _cons |   66.02262   .4306498   153.31   0.000     65.17836    66.86689
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Reelection vote shares no different, and no change over time
. * And for Democrats:
. * Model A13.3
. reg votepct elite_education if dem==1

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     5,828
-------------+----------------------------------   F(1, 5826)      =     28.21
       Model |  5851.87657         1  5851.87657   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  1208625.93     5,826  207.453815   R-squared       =    0.0048
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.0046
       Total |   1214477.8     5,827  208.422482   Root MSE        =    14.403

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     votepct |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
elite_educ~n |  -2.167505   .4081062    -5.31   0.000    -2.967545   -1.367465
       _cons |   70.54722   .2270553   310.70   0.000      70.1021    70.99233
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Model A13.4
. reg votepct i.elite_education##c.congcount if dem==1

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     5,828
-------------+----------------------------------   F(3, 5824)      =     21.14
       Model |  13083.6734         3  4361.22447   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  1201394.13     5,824  206.283333   R-squared       =    0.0108
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.0103
       Total |   1214477.8     5,827  208.422482   Root MSE        =    14.363

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     votepct |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
1.elite_ed~n |  -2.755455    .765289    -3.60   0.000    -4.255706   -1.255204
   congcount |  -.1703308    .031538    -5.40   0.000     -.232157   -.1085046
             |
elite_educ~n#|
 c.congcount |
          1  |   .0610621   .0549742     1.11   0.267    -.0467077    .1688319
             |
       _cons |   72.45408   .4194305   172.74   0.000     71.63184    73.27632
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * FIGURE A1: DECLINE OF ELITE-EDUCATED REPUBLICANS IN THE HOUSE
. 
. gener nonelite_nonflagship=0

. replace nonelite_nonflagship = 1 if elite_education==0 & flagship_undergrad==
> 0
(6,195 real changes made)

. 
. gener nonelite_flagship = 0

. replace nonelite_flagship=1 if flagship_undergrad==1 & elite_education==0
(1,913 real changes made)

. 
. sort congress

. tab congress elite_education if dem==0, r

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |  1 = graduated from
           |   elite institution
  congress |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
        93 |       117         79 |       196 
           |     59.69      40.31 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        94 |        88         59 |       147 
           |     59.86      40.14 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        95 |        93         54 |       147 
           |     63.27      36.73 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        96 |       102         59 |       161 
           |     63.35      36.65 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        97 |       131         63 |       194 
           |     67.53      32.47 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        98 |       120         46 |       166 
           |     72.29      27.71 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        99 |       132         51 |       183 
           |     72.13      27.87 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       100 |       130         50 |       180 
           |     72.22      27.78 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       101 |       130         49 |       179 
           |     72.63      27.37 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       102 |       125         48 |       173 
           |     72.25      27.75 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       103 |       136         45 |       181 
           |     75.14      24.86 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       104 |       185         48 |       233 
           |     79.40      20.60 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       105 |       182         49 |       231 
           |     78.79      21.21 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       106 |       176         49 |       225 
           |     78.22      21.78 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       107 |       181         47 |       228 
           |     79.39      20.61 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       108 |       184         47 |       231 
           |     79.65      20.35 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       109 |       193         45 |       238 
           |     81.09      18.91 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       110 |       174         33 |       207 
           |     84.06      15.94 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       111 |       157         25 |       182 
           |     86.26      13.74 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       112 |       210         35 |       245 
           |     85.71      14.29 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       113 |       207         33 |       240 
           |     86.25      13.75 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       114 |       212         38 |       250 
           |     84.80      15.20 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       115 |       205         40 |       245 
           |     83.67      16.33 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       116 |       171         34 |       205 
           |     83.41      16.59 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       117 |       188         34 |       222 
           |     84.68      15.32 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     3,929      1,160 |     5,089 
           |     77.21      22.79 |    100.00 

. tab congress nonelite_nonflagship if dem==0, r

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           | nonelite_nonflagship
  congress |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
        93 |       109         87 |       196 
           |     55.61      44.39 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        94 |        79         68 |       147 
           |     53.74      46.26 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        95 |        75         72 |       147 
           |     51.02      48.98 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        96 |        83         78 |       161 
           |     51.55      48.45 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        97 |        95         99 |       194 
           |     48.97      51.03 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        98 |        80         86 |       166 
           |     48.19      51.81 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        99 |        86         97 |       183 
           |     46.99      53.01 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       100 |        84         96 |       180 
           |     46.67      53.33 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       101 |        80         99 |       179 
           |     44.69      55.31 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       102 |        72        101 |       173 
           |     41.62      58.38 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       103 |        73        108 |       181 
           |     40.33      59.67 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       104 |        84        149 |       233 
           |     36.05      63.95 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       105 |        90        141 |       231 
           |     38.96      61.04 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       106 |        95        130 |       225 
           |     42.22      57.78 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       107 |        94        134 |       228 
           |     41.23      58.77 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       108 |        87        144 |       231 
           |     37.66      62.34 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       109 |        88        150 |       238 
           |     36.97      63.03 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       110 |        75        132 |       207 
           |     36.23      63.77 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       111 |        63        119 |       182 
           |     34.62      65.38 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       112 |        85        160 |       245 
           |     34.69      65.31 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       113 |        87        153 |       240 
           |     36.25      63.75 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       114 |        96        154 |       250 
           |     38.40      61.60 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       115 |        94        151 |       245 
           |     38.37      61.63 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       116 |        85        120 |       205 
           |     41.46      58.54 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       117 |        83        139 |       222 
           |     37.39      62.61 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     2,122      2,967 |     5,089 
           |     41.70      58.30 |    100.00 

. tab congress nonelite_flagship if dem==0, r

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |   nonelite_flagship
  congress |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
        93 |       166         30 |       196 
           |     84.69      15.31 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        94 |       127         20 |       147 
           |     86.39      13.61 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        95 |       126         21 |       147 
           |     85.71      14.29 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        96 |       137         24 |       161 
           |     85.09      14.91 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        97 |       162         32 |       194 
           |     83.51      16.49 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        98 |       132         34 |       166 
           |     79.52      20.48 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
        99 |       148         35 |       183 
           |     80.87      19.13 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       100 |       146         34 |       180 
           |     81.11      18.89 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       101 |       148         31 |       179 
           |     82.68      17.32 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       102 |       149         24 |       173 
           |     86.13      13.87 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       103 |       153         28 |       181 
           |     84.53      15.47 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       104 |       197         36 |       233 
           |     84.55      15.45 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       105 |       190         41 |       231 
           |     82.25      17.75 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       106 |       179         46 |       225 
           |     79.56      20.44 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       107 |       181         47 |       228 
           |     79.39      20.61 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       108 |       191         40 |       231 
           |     82.68      17.32 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       109 |       195         43 |       238 
           |     81.93      18.07 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       110 |       165         42 |       207 
           |     79.71      20.29 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       111 |       144         38 |       182 
           |     79.12      20.88 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       112 |       195         50 |       245 
           |     79.59      20.41 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       113 |       186         54 |       240 
           |     77.50      22.50 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       114 |       192         58 |       250 
           |     76.80      23.20 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       115 |       191         54 |       245 
           |     77.96      22.04 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       116 |       154         51 |       205 
           |     75.12      24.88 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
       117 |       173         49 |       222 
           |     77.93      22.07 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |     4,127        962 |     5,089 
           |     81.10      18.90 |    100.00 

. 
. 
. 
end of do-file

. log close
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\wisemaae\Dropbox\desktop_backup\research\education\POP_fi
> nal_published\voldenwaiwiseman_house_perspectives_results.smcl
  log type:  smcl
 closed on:  14 Jun 2025, 15:02:41
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
